Cutting tool



lili-line, brings about :pro

Patentedv Dec; 14,/ ,1937

2102473 i Y c cu'rmoroon i t BQflVIlIen'McadviIIQIa. c Jappucatmnmyimissasensrno; 126,145 y ,a

a This invention relates Ato milling cutters,.ream',

ers. boring heads and other forms of cutting tools n of thez'type inVwhich the blades are-adjustably mounted.4

Y" l .Itflspof course.recognied t'o-beyold in vthis art i toprovide'ablade mounting in whichthe 'blade adusting line or angleissodisposed with relation 4 l 'to thelongitudinal axis of theztooltthatthe advancement of the blade along and parallel 'to this i'li"proportioned longi-l tudinal and radial adjustment of thebla'de tovcompensate for. wear and grinding.

4(Dne' of the principal kadvances marked'by this y 1 invention will befoundtto-reside inv the means by which the'hlade is heldin `properlyadjusted i fv position against the strain of theA-` cutting. thrust andother contrary influences knownto accornf pany the useof the tool. l `Byway of further-brief preliminary reference to zo the adjusting andlocking means for the blade; it is pointed :out that the blade isdiminishedinf* wardly inwa-ll thickness in a direction substan' tiallyparallel in engagementwith the sidewalls ofthe blade will securely holdtheblade against yielding. to ythe thrust thereon.

Another 'and related aspect of the' invention has f todo with themeans'by which the blade may beconveniently. released from bindingengagement with the restraining meanstherefor by simply driving on therearV end of ,the blade 'as distinguishedfrom driving on thebindingwedge there' I for, it being notedin this connection that inthose k cutting tools where it is necessary to drive'onthe wedge torelease the -bl ade ,vit'is`required that' there be providedopeningaporother means inthe tool foragaining access to-thesmall end-ofthe vwedge. Y i i 40 Also, a cutter embodying the'inventionlooks to.

simple means by which-the blades may,l with comparative ease, be securedin the desiredV position of adjustment and although the blades arevindi'- vidually adjusted, there will be found an ever present scale bywhich the blades may be adjusted ,co-extensively and with facility. v

\ y.Other objects and advantages will be' apparent yduring the course ofthe following description.

. In the accompanying drawings, forming a part .50 ofthis application,and lin which likevnumerals are employed to designate like partsthroughout the same, j

' Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective of a reamer embodying vtheinvention, c y Figure 2 isfa-detaillongitudlnal sectional view totheaforesaid blade, adjusting line so that the'blade locking orrestraining means A tion with apreamexg lit is throughthe V.tool andillustrating themanner f which-.the cutting4 blade-maybe'drivenfforwar'dly' y land thus released;

Figure is afragmentary plan 'view ofthe tool; the'viewillustratingfthemanner inwhichthetool 6j l may be driven forwardly .andthus Areleased from` the restrainin'gmeans tl'ierefor,l i. Eigurel 4 isa detail longitudinalsectional viewillustrating the' blade'in position'after having been' 'several timesfadlusted and lreground, l0

' Figure `.iis a detail transverse-'sectional.view a throughy the cutterand illustrating the blade moi'mtirigtfv V Figure 6 is a detailsectionalviewthrough one of theblades detached, the view being ',takenonline 156-6 Vof Figure'Z,l y l .v Figure 7 is a transverse sectionalviewfthrough one o'f'the blades detached, lthe view being-taken on line'1--1 of Figure-2,

Figure' 8' is a perspectiveof-.one of th'e'blad'es"am` detached.

` I' Figure 9 is@ fragmentarrperspecuve disclosf insa modiedformoflnvention.

Figure ll0 is a-detail longitudinal sectional view of I`the tool shownin Figure y9 and illustrating` '25 themanner in which the-cutting. blademay' bev f driven vforwardly and thus'released. l l l Figure 11 .isafragmentaryedge, elevation of' the tool shown in Figures 9 andlO.'

Figure 12A is a perspective of one `of the blades :i011v -shown`inFigure 9.

-1 Figure 13 is a fragmentary perspective duelosing' another form olflcutter.

{Figure 14 is afragmentaryzedge elevation-Lofv thecutter disclosed inFigure 13, the view'being 35 .partly in section. z

Figure 15 is a detail longitudinalsectional view throughthe toolAshownzii Figures 13 and 14.`

`Figure 16 is a detail longitudinal sectionalview through anotherexpression of the invention. '40

\ .-Inthe drawings, thenumeral' l0 `designates a lsupport Vorbody-having a pluralityof spaced lslots -f I2 openinglout through theperipheryand forward end thereof for the adjustable reception ci bladesIl, 45

"In-passingpitl'might be noted that although Figures l to -disclose theinvention in connec obvious to vthose .acquainted with this art thatthe"same may beincorporated in numerous other blade cutting tools,'forjexamplal a milling cutter, a boring head,,oia counter-bore; Theback sides of the blades andl the'opposed or baoksides of the slots areshown in Figures 2, 3 `and il to be provided with serratlons in. thelili justing angle. In otherv words, the adjusting angle produced bytheinclined serrations I6, extends at approximately' 30 degrees to thelongitudinal axis of the tool and thus provides for properlyproportioned forward and outwardV compound adjustment of the bladesat anangle of approximately 30 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the tool.Clearly, any preferred adjusting angle may'be employed.

In carrying out the invention, one side wall of each slot I2 is providedwith a groove II extending substantially parallel to the longitudinalaxis of the tool and opening 'out through the forward end of the body Ifor the detachable reception of a wedge I8. In Figures 3 and 5, thewedge I8 is shown to be segmental ,in cross-section and to' have aflattened inner side forl uniform pressure,

contact throughout blade so as to force and uniform pressure contactwiththe back side wall of the slot. Since the wedgenl is segmental incross section, as is the groove Il, it is clear that the wedge may` rockslightly within the groove to adapt itself to uniform pressurev contactwith the blade, regardless of the position of adjustment of the blade. tY

Attention is now invitedto the fact that the side walls of the slots I24are longitudinally and radially parallel, the longitudinal parallelismof the slots being shown in Figure 3, while jthe radial parallelism ofthe slots is disclosed in Figure 5. v f

On the other hand,A the side walls of the blades I4 are not parallel orcomplemental to the side walls of the slots I2 and in fact, the bladesdiminish in wall lthickness along,aline parallel tothe previouslydescribed adjusting angle of the blades. That is tosaygthere is acompound taper to the blades and such taper runs parallel to theadjusting angle or to the serrations. I6 so that the blades increase inwall thickness in the direction of the outer longitudinal edges `thereofas well as inthe direction of the forward ends thereof, so that when thewedgesfhave been posi'- tioned as shown in Figure 3, the cutting thruston the tool is not allowed to shift the blades.

' In other words, when the blade has been set with the opposed side ofthe and the wedge is firmly inplace the inward movef adjusting angle isthen lightly tap the wedge I8 into place at the forward end of the tool,after which the'blade itself may be 'struck at the forward end thereofto lock both the wedge and the bladevflrmly ln place.

)To release the blade,` it is merely necessary to drive on `the rear endthereof .as suggested inl Figures 2 and 3, to interrupt thebindingengagement between the wedge and the blade. In this connection,it isnotedthat in some blade mountings employing a wedgeit is necessaryto` provide drilled holes or other means for gaining access to thesmallrend of `,the wedge for striking purposes and this, of course; isobvlated in the herein disclosed .tool since it is simply necessary todrive forwardly on the blade to release the same. This extensively witha laterally the blade into irm and the wedge 52 a somewhatsharper blowbetween the opposed complemental is a feature of convenience and looksto greater rigidity on the part of the tool.

From the foregoing it will be seen that each blade is securely held inadjusted position by the employment of but a single wedge, dispensingwith separate blade fastening screws, pins and the' like, which requirecutting away of substantial portions of the body of the tool to providefor their accommodation. I

As illustrated in Figure 1, the body III is shown to be provided with aplurality of spaced, parallel, lines l0' intersecting the slots I2 atright angles to the longitudinal axis of the tool and cooperating withthe rear portions Yof the blades or -with suitably marked portions ofthe blades in defining an ever-present scale by which the bladesv maybey adjusted separately and yet cohigh degree of facility and accuracywithout at Vthe Same time resorting to extraneous measuring devices.

carrier or body having a plurality of spaced slots.

42 opening out througlrthe peripheryand-opposite sides or ends of thecarrier for the reception of blades Il.` A

As in the case of the tool shown in Figures 1 to 8 inclusive, the backsides of the blades and the back sides of the slots are providedwlthcoacting serrations in the form of slidable interfltting angles,possibly- 30 degrees ito thelongitudinal axis of the tool .or to theblade itself to define an adjusting angle, the specific angle of 30being merely by way `of example.

As in that form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 8. each slot hasthe side walls thereof longitudinally and radially parallel, thelongitudinal parallelism being shown inFigui-e 11, while the radialparallelism is disclosed in Figyure 9.

Onthe other hand, the side walls of the blade M are not parallel orcomplemental to the side walls of the slot 4,2y and on the contrary, theblade 44 diminishes in wall thickness along a line parallel to thepreviously described adjusting angle of the blades.

' In other words, there is av compound ,taper to the blade 44 and suchtaper runs parallel to the adjusting angle or to the serrations 45so-that the blade will be found to increase in wall thickness in thedirection ofl the outer longitudinal edge thereof'as well as 'in thedirection of the forward or cutting end thereof.

Coming' now to the means by which the several blades are locked inadjusted position, it is point'-l ed out that one sidev wall of eachslot 42 is provided lwith a more or less radial socket or recess l0Vreceiving a wedge 52. Both the recess 50 are shown to be of segmentalform andto increase in cross sectional .area radially outward and it isbelieved to be clear that with the wedge 52 positioned firmly in theassociated recess such wedge will have pressure engagement with, theopposed side wall of the adjacent blade to force ythe back wall of theblade into firm pressure engagement with the back wall of the associatedslot 42. In this manner, there is established firm interlocking relationserrations 45.

The wedge 52 is, of course, allowed to rock about its own longitudinalaxis an extent sufilcient to bring about firm and uniform pressurecontact throughout between the opposed surfaces of the wedge andassociated blade.

80l ribs or teethv extending at rathersteep n tion of blades 84.

" forced laterally into arcanes it is merely `To bring about release ofthe blade,

thereof 'as necessary to drive on the rear end suggested in Figure 10. 5This interrupts the bindving engagement betweentheblade and theassoviding for access. to the small end of the wedge to'drive thereon.

In the form` of 13, 14 and 15, the carrier is designated by the numeraland is provided with slots 82 opening out throughk the peripheryandopposite sides thereof for the detachable and adjustable recep- Asillustrated in Figures 13 ,and l5, the back sidesof the blades and theback side .walls of' the slots are providedwith opposed interttingcornplemental serrations `86 parallel to the ,bottom walls of the bladeslots. This arrangement of serrations is more easily produced than the'arrangement of serrations4 shown in Figures lto l2 inclusive.

, Sincev the serrations 88 are cut-parallel to the bottom walls of theslots, such serrations extend at acute angles to the longitudinal axisof the cutter to provide the required radial adjustl ment;

In Figures 13 and 14 it 'is shown that the leading side wall of eachslot 82 is formed with a socket orrecess 88 opening out through theforward side of the carrier 80 and receiving a segmental wedge 90. Boththe wedge 90 and the recess 88 increase in cross-sectional Iarea in thedirection of the rear end of the tool. In other words, both the recess88 and the wedge 90 diminish in cross sectional area inV of the cuttingend of the blade 84 with the result that by forcing the wedge forwardlyin the direction of the cutting end ofthe tool,l the associated blade 84is liirm and uniform pressure contact with the back side wall o1 theslot.

In Figures 13 and 14 it isy also disclosed that the wedge 90 is providedwith a threaded opening extending longitudinally therethrough for thereception of a locking screw 92. the rear or irivnekr;l t

end of which is adapted for engagement the rear end wall of the recess88. Clearly,rwith the advancement of thescrew 92, in pressure engagementwiththe end wall ofthe recess 88, the wedge is forced outward so as to'bring about a rm pressure engagement oi the' serrated sides of the slotand the blade. l In the form of invention disclosed in Figures 13 to 16inclusive the blades 84 have radially parallel side walls, this beingshown in Figurel, while from Figure 14, it will be seen that the sidewalls of the blades converge in the direction of the rearends thereofproviding a Vpositive wedging action between the blades andl the wedges.

To release the blade 8|,.it is simply necessary to drive forward thereonand lthereby' break the binding engagement between the blade and thewedge. Of course, preparatory to the resetting fof theblade it may benecessary to back up on the screw 92.

Also, it is a very simple matter to 'break the binding engagementbetween the blade and wedge by backing up'on the screw 92 and thendriving rearwardly on the wedge 90. This, of course,

releases the wedge from pressure contact with invention illustrated inFigures n said slot and having a cutting end -blade being formed a slotprovided with longitudinally and ner rear portion the blade 'and thusreleasest'ne blade for ment or other purposes. 'v n Ity is illustratedin Figures 13 and le riphery of ltine carrier tt although, i' e suchwedges may extend parallel to the longil tudinai axis of the carrier,this latterarranges ment being shownin J .e Wedge is designated by the neral it andthe blade has thelnumeral si attached thereto;

Having thus described the invention what is claimed is:` s

v l. man inserted blade cutter, a mi; slot provided with parallel sidewith means cooperati said side Walls in defining an adjusting an acuteangle to the longitudinal a oi blade,l said blade. being dinnished inwall oh ness from the .outer forward portionereoi to the inner rearportion thereof on a iine to the said adjusting angle and mea for n sing saidjblade in' adjusted posinon..

2. In an inserted blade' cutter, a body having parallel side walls, ablade in said. sist d' has ing integral 4`means interlocking with a walloi y inettwedge 90 may be extended parallel to the pe teilig,l

'alici n said slot in dening an adjusting' angie. d

-blade being diminished" in wall thickness trom the outer leading-comerportion thereof in the gen eral direction oi the inner rear portionthereoi,

' and a wedge engaged with said blade for :forcing .said interlockingmeans into locked relation. 3. In an inserted biade cutter, 'abodyhavifi a 'slot provided with longitudnally and radially parallelside walls, a blade in said slot, one lside wall of said blade and oneside wall oi d aid slot being formed with inclined interiltting .teethde flning an adjusting angle, said blade diminished in wall ward portionthereoifin thedirection oi the in-a there'oi along the line animatri-`tially parallel to the said-,adjusting angle and itriieans for locking'saidblade in adjusted posi- 4. In an inserted blade cutter, a bodyhaving a'siot provided with longitudinally andradiaily parallel sidewalls, a blade in said slot, one side thickness iront the outer' for@wall of said'blade and one side wall oi d-siot being' formed withinclined interiitting teeth-dening' an adjusting angle, said' bladebeing di minished in wall thickness from the outer ier ward portionthereof in the direction of the inner rear portion thereof alongthe-line substan tlaily parallel to the said adjusting angle, and a gwedge carried by the opposite side wall'oi' they slot and engaging theopposite side wall of the blade.

"5. In 'an .inserted blade cutter, a body having a slot providedwithradially' and longitudinally parallel side walls, e, blade in theslot and ving in defining an adjusting angle and also provided with acutting portion and a rear end, said blade being diminished inwallthickness from the out to the rear inner portion y ting -portion,thereof thereof on a line parallel to said adjusting angle, and a wedgeengaging said blade on the side op posite the adjusting angle definingmeans 'at aplil proxin'iately right angles thereto, the said rear "meanscooperating with a side wall of said slot end of the blade havingaportion thereoi profa jecting exterlorly oi the slot between the en oithe slot for engagement by 'a stiiiting tool by` be driven in thedirection thereof for 'the wiwi which the blade may .of the cuttingportion of releasing the blade while engaged by said thickness from theouter forward portion therewedge.

o1' to the rear inner portion thereof, and a wedge 6. In a rotarycutter, a body having a slot carried by said body an provided withlongitudinally and ,radially partially right angles to said blade inpressure en- 5 allel side walls. a. blade in such slot, and having meanscooperating therewith in defining anad- FRANK P. MILLER. justing angle,said blade being diminished in wall

